Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions

Predicting Products of Synthesis Reactions

Don't forget to criss-cross charges.

Unbalanced Equation Balanced Equation
Al + O₂ → Al₂O₃ 4 Al + 3 O₂ → 2 Al₂O₃
Na + Cl₂ → NaCl 2 Na + Cl₂ → 2 NaCl

Predicting Products of Decomposition Reactions

To predict the products, follow the decomposition pattern for the reactants:

Decomposition Type Example
metal carbonates decompose into metal oxide + CO₂ CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
metal hydroxides decompose into metal oxides + H₂O Ca(OH)₂ → CaO + H₂O
metal chlorates decompose into metal chlorides + O₂ Ca(ClO₃)₂ → CaCl₂ + 3 O₂

Predicting Products of Single Replacement Reactions

To predict the products, switch the element by itself with the positive/negative ion in the other compound.

Equation
Cu + 2 AgNO₃ → 2 Ag + Cu(NO₃)₂
Br₂ + 2 NaI → I₂ + 2 NaBr

Predicting Products of Double Replacement Reactions

To predict the products, switch the ions in the compounds.

Equation
NaCl + AgNO₃ → NaNO₃ + AgCl
2 KI + Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2 KNO₃ + PbI₂

Predicting Products of Combustion Reactions

For a complete combustion reaction, the products are always CO₂ and H₂O.

Unbalanced Equation Balanced Equation
C₆H₁₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O 2 C₆H₁₄ + 19 O₂ → 12 CO₂ + 14 H₂O
C₂H₅OH + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O C₂H₅OH + 3 O₂ → 2 CO₂ + 3 H₂O